Testing And De Grading Schools Authentic Alternatives...

Alex Guerrero July 4, 2015 EDDL 941 Book Review Bower, J., Thomas, P. L. (Eds.). (2013). De-testing and de-grading schools: Authentic alternatives to accountability and standardization. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc. Synopsis: I found De-testing and de-grading schools: Authentic alternatives to accountability and standardization by Bower and Thomas, an interesting read and consistent with the critiques of high stakes testing and assessment we’ve read about and watched in this class. It is a collection of essays from educators and stakeholders in the field. The book is broken up into distinct sections, the first focused on testing and the second on grading. A historical context regarding failures of testing and grading is also provided to give context to the current problems with high stakes assessment and grading. The main message presented in this book is that high stakes testing and assessments (grading) are not working and alternatives should be considered. Specifically, the law of No Child Left Behind is critiqued through out, especially in the first few chapters. Each essay in this book gives its own perspective along with their own arguments and case studies to demonstrate that high stakes testing and assessment are failing American kids. Some empirical evidence is used but it’s mainly arguments with specific examples from the field. This begins early on, literally in the introduction, when Kohn makes the argument that grades and tests predictShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesIt’s Not Fair! 231 Case Incident 2 Bullying Bosses 231 8 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 Motivating by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model 240 The Job Characteristics Model 240 †¢ How Can Jobs Be Redesigned? 242 †¢ Alternative Work Arrangements 245 †¢ The Social and Physical Context of Work 249 Employee Involvement 250 Examples of Employee Involvement Programs 251 †¢ Linking Employee Involvement Programs and Motivation Theories 252 Using Rewards to Motivate Employees 252Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesseveral cases, and illustrate that certain successful and unsuccessful practices are not unique. Information Boxes and Issue Boxes are included in each chapter to highlight relevant concepts and issues, or related information, and we are even testing Profile Boxes. Learning insights help students see how certain practices—both errors and successes—cross company lines and are prone to be either traps for the unwary or success modes. Discussion Questions and Hands-On Exercises encourage and

Effects Of Obesity On The United States - 853 Words

Obesity With obesity rates rapidly increase in the last 20 years, who is to blame for the widespread obesity? Many push sole blame on the individual because ultimately a person is responsible for their unhealthy lifestyle, but there are many other contributing factors to be considered. It is true that obesity has gone up because Americans do not exercise enough but many other forces have impacted the obesity rates in the United States such as â€Å"gender, race, socioeconomic position and age†(Ailshire House 1). When drawing conclusions on obesity, even though the individual is mostly accountable for their bodies, some of the causes are not the individuals fault. First race and gender are two things you cannot hold people responsible for because that is a force they cannot control. The media articles fail to include this factor in their argument. Race and gender are important to consider when observing obesity. Based the research that Alishire and House conducted, they concluded that African American females and male were more likely to be obese than Caucasian females and males(Chart 10). Race would play a factor in determining if individuals were more likely to be obese, so it s not just the fact that Americans don’t exercise. They also concluded that â€Å"low-educated and low-income black women experienced the greatest BMI growth while high-educated and high-income white men experienced the least amount of BMI growth†(Ailshire House 19). Obesity is more than just anShow Mo reRelatedEffects Of Obesity On The United States Essay1136 Words   |  5 PagesObesity rates in the United States have increased significantly over the past three decades, which have led to a multitude of health problems in the nation. I tested for the effects on obesity, primarily the effect of poverty with obesity rates. To begin with I used a single regression model to compare our nation’s GDP with the average BMI, assuming that they will be positively correlated. Next I will attempt to draw conclusions about correlations between other factors including obesity, povertyRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On The United States1656 Words   |  7 PagesCompared to other countries, the United States was reported to have the second highest rate of obesity in the world after Mexico. Over the past decade, cases of obesity have triplicated in the U.S., affecting more than one-third (34.9% or 78.6 million) of the adults (Ogden et al. 2014). Given the current trends, it was projected that 42% of the U.S. population will be obese by 2030 (Finkelstein et al. 2012). Aside from its nefarious impact on the overall quality of life on the affected individualRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On The United States973 Words   |  4 Pages An epidemic is happening in the United States of America; obesity is on the rise. The United States is currently is second in the world’s most obese countries with more than two-thirds of adults being overweight (Overweight and Obesity Statistics). Countermeasures to promote a healthier living style are on the rise, also. For instance, Michelle Obama’s â€Å"Let’s Move† program promotes eating healthy food and increasing exercise. The NFL promotes sixty minutes of play for children each day to promoteRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States886 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease in obesity is amongst young adults, aged 18-29 years of age (Plotnikoff et al. 45). The University of Arizona is one of the most committed to healthy lifestyle higher institutions in the United States. It is strongly dedicated to the provision of healthy environment to individuals who take part in university activities. However, obesity has been an issue here. A series of discussions conducted in focus groups with the university undergraduates allowed distinguishing obesity as the mostRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States2026 Words   |  9 Pagesthe United States and the rate continues to remain high. With the estimate of more than 33% of the United States adults (34.9%) and pretty near 17% or (12.7 million) of kids and youths matured 2-19 years of age are obese† (CDC, 2014). According to a study released in June of 2013, Mexico have passed the United States as the ‘fattest’ nation on 50% of the globe (CBS news, July 2013). With a 32.8 percent adult obesity rate, Mexico simply creeps past the 31.8% obesity rate in the United States, asRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States Essay2263 Words   |  10 Pageshigh blood pressure, and high fasting blood sugar. Obesity, an example of a metabolic disorder, has been the focus of research and medical discussions because of the alarming impacts that it is having on the health of millions of citizens in the United States. According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention growth charts, last year 17% of children in America from age 2-9 were obese and 32% were overweight (Blumberg, 559). As a result, obesity costs the U.S. healthcare more than $200 billionRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States Essay1871 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the CDC, childhood obesity in the United States is at a steady incline and has seen an exponential growth in the past 30 years. (â€Å"Childhood Obesity Facts†, 2015). Health implications of obesity This incline has numerous negative effects on the young population of this country. The effects of childhood obesity can be both physical and psychosocial. Many different disorders, diseases and health problems occur in the form of â€Å"side effects† to obesity. A major concern outside of physicalRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States1467 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is the cause of almost 300,000 thousand deaths annually in the United States. It is one of the most preventable and treatable diseases today. There is a variety of reason why obesity is increasing. Many Americans aren’t very physically active now days and with the thousands of television shows and movies out now most people would rather sit on their couch and watch TV then go out and do something physical. Also the surrounding environment plays a big role on why obesity is on the rise inRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On The United States1428 Words   |  6 PagesObesity in the U.S. Today in the United States, obesity is the one of the leading causes of death in adults and children. Obesity also leads to several chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than one-third (34.9% or 78.6 million) of U.S. adults are obese (â€Å"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity†). This is such a scary fact to know that more than a third of American’s are obese. Obesity itself may impactRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States Essay1844 Words   |  8 PagesThe worry over obesity has reached monumental proportions that New York requested to conduct a pilot project with New York City that would eliminate SNAP benefits for sugar-sweetened beverages. However, the USDA (US Department of Agriculture) denied the request, a very controversial decision on August 19, 2011. New York was not the only one disappointed in the decision, other states like California asked for such permission and urged Congress limit and set standards for what type of products that

Development Of Workplace Policy Procedures - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Development Of Workplace Policy Procedures. Answer: The understanding of the concept of sustainability is important in order to run any business organization successfully. I, being the operating head of the organization I am presently working in have understood that it is important to implement certain policies related to sustainability in order to boost up the company as well as increase the performance of the workers. In the world of business, sustainability does not have any particular definition. Its either weak sustainability or strong sustainability depending on which the business of that particular company runs (Ball, Grubnic and Birchall 2014). Weak sustainability often refers to the responsibility towards the environment (Wallimann 2014). Strong sustainability however refers to an entirely new approach towards doing business. Being the operating manager of my company, I have understood that sustainability primarily means the capability to endure ones company in the market. I have decided on following a systematic process which will help me t make my company more sustainable in the market. The first step that I have decided on taking for enhancing the sustainability of the company is setting particular visions, goals and objectives. I have made sure that each and every employee of the company is well aware of what is the main goal and ambition of the company and work in accordance with that (Berkes 2016). I have made it a point to enlighten the employees about the vision of the company they are working for and understand the basic principles that the company had decided to follow. This helps in making the employees understand the company in a better way which in turn helps them to work in a more logical and productive way. The main portion of the sustainability policy that is going to be implemented on the company will be consisting of the goals and objectives of my company. However, it is also important that the policy also include statements explaining the commitments that the company hopes to undertake (Berkes 2016). The clear statement of the agendas of the company will help the employees to understand their role in the company in a better way. For example, I have made a rule that makes it mandatory for the employees to know what the particular commitments that the company focuses on are and how the company hopes to achieve it. This falls under my second step that I have decided to take in order to make my company more sustainable worthy. It is also important that the employees feel that they have the constant support of the manager class people (Daley, Sharp and Bae 2013). I always keep a sharp eye on making sure that my employees do not feel suffocated and are always being able to express whateve r good or bad responses they have towards the company. This works in favour of the sustainability quotient of the company. These are the two major steps that I have decided to include in the sustainability policy that is going to be implemented on my company. The first step consists of understanding what is the view of my company on what is possible of doing in a world that is perfect and ideal. The understanding of this is a very important step in setting up the organization in a proper way and enhancing the sustainability quotient (Johnson 2015). It is also important that the employees of the company understand the concept of sustainability in the right way and have a clear conception of why it is important for the company. In my organization, I take it as a personal responsibility to clear the concepts of the employees and this helps them to serve the organization in a better way. The understanding of the vision of the company leads to the goals that have been set by the organization and the commitments of the employees towards achieving the goals (Kontokosta and Jain 2015). I have understood from my position of the operating manager of the organization that it is absolutely important for the employees to understand what are the goals that have been undertaken by the company and how should they act in order to achieve the goals. I always make sure that the employees of my organization get a view of the bigger picture of the goals undertaken by the company as well as remain aware of the immediate goals that have to be achieved. The essay can thus be concluded by saying that it is the managerial body of an organization that mainly decides on how the sustainability policy of the company will shape up and what will be included in the policy. I, being the managing operator, look after the changes that are necessary to make my organization more sustainable and always run on profit. References: Ball, A., Grubnic, S. and Birchall, J., 2014. 11 Sustainability accounting and accountability in the public sector.Sustainability accounting and accountability, p.176. Berkes, F., 2016. Sustainability policy considerations for ecosystem management in Central and Eastern Europe.Ecosystem Health and Sustainability,2(8). Daley, D.M., Sharp, E.B. and Bae, J., 2013. Understanding city engagement in community-focused sustainability initiatives.Cityscape, pp.143-161. Johnson, M.P., 2015. Sustainability Management and Small and Medium?Sized Enterprises: Managers' Awareness and Implementation of Innovative Tools.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,22(5), pp.271-285. Kontokosta, C.E. and Jain, R.K., 2015. Modeling the determinants of large-scale building water use: Implications for data-driven urban sustainability policy.Sustainable Cities and Society,18, pp.44-55. Wallimann, I. ed., 2014.Environmental Policy is social policysocial policy is environmental policy: toward sustainability policy. Springer Science Business Media.

The Bomb That Saved Millions Essay Example For Students

The Bomb That Saved Millions Essay The Terror that Saved MillionsThe atomic bomb and its use over the two Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is still a source of heated debate even over fifty years later. Many people on both sides -Japan and The United States- hold the belief that Trumans decision to drop the bomb was a mistake and that under no circumstances should such drastic measures be taken in war. What these people do not realize are the far more horrible alternatives than the destruction of just two cities: an invasion of mainland Japan where millions of more deaths would have occurred, Soviet aid resulting in the division of Japan into a communist nation and the destruction of their culture, the deaths of thousands of Allied prisoners of war held in Japan, and the threat of renewed hostilities from Japan not to mention the possibility of several more years of bloody conflict. Throughout the course of this paper all of these examples will be discussed, as well as why Trumans decision was the most humane and rational for all the nations involved, including Japan. We will write a custom essay on The Bomb That Saved Millions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Axis power in Europe was destroyed, Hitler and Mussolini were dead, their armies annihilated, their nations in ruins, Japan however was not. Though weakened from a near four year long war with the Allies, the Japanese continued fighting, as was their code, to fight to the death, and never surrender. President Harry Truman in the interest of saving both American and Japanese lives from an invasion of mainland Japan, authorized the use atomic bombs against Japan. The first atomic bomb to be used on Japan was composed of uranium. It was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945. The explosion, which had the force of more than 15,000 tons of TNT, instantly and completely devastated 10 square kilometers of the heart of this city of 343,000 inhabitants. Of this number, 66,000 were killed immediately and 69,000 were injured, more than 67 percent of the citys structures were destroyed or damaged. The next atomic bomb to be exploded was of the plutonium type, it was dropped on Nagasaki three days later, producing a blast equal to 21,000 tons of TNT. The terrain and smaller size of Nagasaki reduced destruction of life and property, but nevertheless 39,000 people were killed and 25,000 injured, while 40 percent of the citys structures were destroyed or seriously damaged. Preceding the bombing of Hiroshima the Americans had pledged that if the Japanese did not agree to an unconditional surrender and an immediate conclusion to all hostilities that th ey would bomb Japan with atomic weapons. The Japanese called the Americans on a bluff or simply dismissed the Americans words as tough talk and nothing more, unfortunately for the Japanese, the Americans did have the weapons they claimed they did, and werent afraid to use them. Hiroshima was destroyed, though a catastrophe for the Japanese, it still did not mean their surrender. The Japanese, urged by their military establishment to continue the pursuit of victory still did not respond to the American threat. It took the Japanese another lost city in Nagasaki three days later to commence peace negotiations. It was too late for over 100,000 people by the time the treaty was signed aboard the American Battleship U.S. Missouri on September.2nd 1945. Japan had in essence, been defeated months before the bomb was dropped, the problem no longer existed to defeat Japan, but to secure her surrender- a far more difficult task. Quite simply, the Japanese did not believe in surrender. Their na tion had never lost a war. In addition, Japans fighting men held ingrained beliefs that to surrender was to disgrace ones self and ones nation. So deeply were these thoughts held that even after both bombs had been detonated and the entry of the Soviet Union into the war, the Japanese military still opposed surrender bitterly, and would prefer death than dishonorable capitulation. With a foe with a mind set such as this, only two options could be considered by the United States government. One being the use of atomic weapons and the other being the invasion of mainland Japan. According to Trumans top military advisors, an invasion of mainland Japan would cost and an estimated 500,000 American lives, not to mention over a million Japanese deaths. Truman wrote years later, We estimated that if we should be forced to carry this invasion plan to its conclusion, the major fighting would not end until the latter part of 1946, at the earliest. I was informed that such operations might be expected to cost over a million casualties, in American forces alone. Such an operation would also require the use of European theater American troops departure from Europe to Japan, to an aid in the assault. With the largest invasion force ever assembled, comprising of approximately 2,000,000 troops. (Far larger than the Normandy invasion) According to Major General Masakazu Amanu, the chief of the Operations Section at Japanese Imperial Headquarters, We were absolutely sure of victory over an allied offensive. It was the first and the only battle in which the main strength of the air, land and sea forces were to be joined. The geographical advantages of the homeland were to be utilized to the highest degree, the enemy was to be crushed, and we were confident that the battle would prove to be the turning point in political maneuvering. To repel the invasion, Japan had almost two million troops under arms, while millions of civilians were being trained to kill invaders, with guns, explosive charges strapped to their bodies, and even bamboo spears. Thousands of planes and midget submarines were being produced by the Japanese for suicide missions. Fleet Admiral Nimitz once wrote in a memo to Admiral King regarding the possible invasion of Japan that, We must be prepared to accept heavy casualties whenever we invade Japan. Our previous successes against ill-fed and poorly supplied units, cut down by our overpowering naval and air action, should not be used as the sole basis of estimating the type of resistance we will meet in the Japanese homeland where the e nemy lines of communication will be short and the enemy supplies more adequate. In addition, to the Japanese strategic advantages, the Americans knew better than to underestimate the courage, skill, and tenacity of Japans military. Fighting in defense of their homeland, they would be truly formidable and show no mercy towards their foes. It would have been the bloodiest and most bitterly fought battle of any war in history. And even if the Americans should emerge victorious after an inevitably fierce and bloody campaign which would prolong the war an estimated year and a half, total casualties and sheer destructiveness would have far exceeded those of the two atomic bombs. The Japanese had developed a new fighting code for the invasion they expected from the Americans. They were instructed to deny aid to injured comrades, restrict retreat by making it punishable by death and converting all units including medical and logistical units into fighting units. It also called for injured s oldiers and patients to participate in the battle, without any attention to ones self. Propaganda was sent all over Japan preaching these rules and calling for every member of society to die for their native soil. One Senior Military Officer advocated involuntary sacrifices: Due to the nationwide food shortage and the imminent invasion of the home islands, it will be necessary to kill all the infirm old people, the very young, and the sick. We cannot allow Japan to perish because of them. According to the slogans that spread through Japan, every man, woman and child was expected to fight to the death. People were told to sing a song entitled The Honorable Death of A Hundred Million. It was even proposed that with the invasion, the invaders may use Japanese civilians as cover, the Japanese fighters were given strict instructions to kill the enemy, with hostages or not, and plow down their own if it meant enemy casualties. The Japanese had even began to mass produce manned torpedoes a nd submarines, including 6,000 kamikaze planes. Pilots as young as thirteen were being trained to kill themselves in the name of the emperor. How could the invasion of such a fanatical Japan, have been successful without the loss of countless lives?Upon the conclusion of the Second World War, much of the former enemies to the allies were divided into sections, one section controlled by the Soviets the other by the United States. Should the Soviets have been involved in the final defeat of Japan -which would have been necessary if the bombs hadnt been dropped- then the Soviets would have demanded a Soviet Zone in Japan, just as they did in Germany, Korea and several other Asian nations. With the Soviets in control of a good portion of Japan, Japanese culture would have been compromised indefinitely. It would have surely delayed Japans recovery, with the Soviets policy of massive reparations, and the possibility of a resurgent Japan may have arisen. Without the United States extensive aid after the War, future may have repeated herself as she did with Germany after the first world war. The atomic bombs allowed the Americans to end the war by themselves, without any Soviet intervention, and because of that Japanese culture as well as the security of Japans former foes was protected. .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31 , .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31 .postImageUrl , .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31 , .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31:hover , .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31:visited , .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31:active { border:0!important; } .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31:active , .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31 .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3604a8353a6fea6fa9eab72477538e31:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Third time is a Charm EssayThere are those in Japan that felt no resentment towards the United States for their usage of the atomic bomb on Japan. A fighting mans view of the atomic bomb came from Captain Mitsuo Fuchida, who had led the air attack on Pearl Harbor and who had been one of those investigating Hiroshima the day after the disaster. In his opinion, once a nation embarked upon war, it was obligated to go all out. To possess a weapon that could ensure victory and not use it would be to break faith with a nations people as well as to disgrace the memory of lost comrades and make their sacrifices meaningless. What must be remembered is that during the Second World W ar, both Nazi Germany and expansionist Japan tried to perfect the atomic weapon, it would be absolutely ludicrous to suggest that Japan and Germany wouldnt have used it if they got it first. Americans were still dying, a solution arose that would end the loss of all American lives and end the war quickly. They seized it. Captain Fuchida also added that given the culture of his nation, Japan would inevitably have used the atomic bomb over the United States if it meant their assured surrender. At the time the bomb was dropped, hope was expressed that the bombs very horror might frighten mankind into recognizing that war was no longer a viable alternative. In his postwar surrender address General MacArthur warned, Even the lesson of victory itself brings with it profound concern, both for our future security, and the survival of civilization . . . The utter destructiveness of war now blots out this alternative. We have had our last chance. MacArthurs hopes that after such a war, with a climax as harsh as the destruction of a city full of women and children, that nations will come to realize that war is no longer a sane option. The use of the bomb made this idea realistic, when people could see what this technological terror was really capable of creating. No longer did its use or creation seem as appealing, it became more of a referee in a sports match, controlling sides and making sure the rules are followed. American Civil War General Robert E. Lee once said It is well that war is so terrible, or we should get too fond of it. The use of the atomic bomb opened the worlds eyes to its horror. Its initial use over fifty years ago prevented what could have been a nuclear war against the Soviets years later. Both the Soviets and Americans had seen its awesome power, both were far too scared to use it. And for one of the first times in hundreds of years, weve had fifty or so years without any major conflicts or World Wars. During one night of American B-29 raids over Tokyo 100,000 Japanese lives were lost. 41,000 more lives were lost in Tokyo that night than they were in Hiroshima, but we simply dismiss these as casualties of war, expected numbers from an expected air assault. The city of Tokyo was devastated, estimates of the damage rank near the damage caused in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Lives are lives, no matter how you look at it, people that are dead from atomic weapons or air assaults, or an invasion of mainland Japan, are just as dead. Though the radioactive nature of the atomic bombs does cause some long term difficulties, what with increased cases of cancer and birth defects, the number of lives lost still remains far less. More lives, regardless of how they were to be taken would be lost if the bombs were not dropped. Its not as though Hiroshima and Nagasaki were random targets either, they were not selected for the sole purpose of killing civilians, both were active working parts of the Japan ese war effort, one an army center, the other naval and industrial. When people argue that the use of the atomic bomb on Japan is ranked up with humanities greatest crimes of the century such as the Holocaust, they dont realize that the number of lives lost is far less then countless other acts of war which were committed on both sides. Hundreds of thousands of more lives maybe even millions would have been lost if the B-29 raids would have continued, as they could claim 100,000 people in one night, they would have inevitably preceded a land invasion with thousands of lives lost through bombing everyday. .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba , .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba .postImageUrl , .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba , .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba:hover , .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba:visited , .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba:active { border:0!important; } .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba:active , .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud1e4261ce635805aece6d4c012fd3aba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Personal Narrative Essay Example High SchoolThe atomic bomb is far more powerful as an idea rather than as a weapon. atomic weapons have the power to kill tens of thousands of people within a few seconds, they have the power to wipe out all signs of buildings or life and most important of all they have the power to stop a war where millions have died. The atomic bomb was not dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to kill the most people it possibly could, it was dropped for the reason to stop the war. If American intentions were to kill the most people they could have bombed Tokyo and killed thousands upon thousands more. The terrain of both cities was that the bombs full poten tial would not be used. The atomic bomb is a fear weapon, its main purpose is the threat of its use, not its actual use. After the two bombs had been dropped, the Japanese finally realized that courage, skill and fearless combat cannot help against weapons with power such as this. It opened their eyes and helped them realize that living with surrender is better than dying in vain. Another factor comes into play when justifying Trumans decision, 100,000 allied prisoners of war on Japanese soil at the time of the bombing. And a promise by the Japanese that each and everyone of them would be killed using, mass bombing, or poisons, drowning, decapitation, or whatever the situation dictates, this according to a Japanese directive received by the heads of the P.O.W. camps when the prospect of an invasion arose. The directive continued to state that, In any case it is the aim not to allow the escape of a single one, prisoner to annihilate them all, and not leave any traces. Those 100,000 allied prisoners of war were saved when Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed. An American prisoner named Lester I. Tenney later wrote, As a prisoner in Japan, I saw the mushroom cloud over Nagasaki. The atomic bomb surely saved my life and the lives of hundreds of my buddies, and it ended a long, terrible war. These lives were up in the air, at any moment before the war was over, these soldiers lives were in Jeopardy, a slogan meant for convincing skeptics of the use of atomic weapons said simply, Whose son will die in the last minute of the war? Minutes count! It was the Americans duty to save American lives, though a tragedy for the enemy, they were warned. In times of war your defending the lives of your own citizens, if youve got the power to defend them, then you do so with whatever means in your power. One of the most controversial issues of our century; Should Truman have authorized the dropping of the atomic bomb? When one looks into the alternatives to such an act, the picture that is painted is one far more grisly than the deaths that occurred at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Millions of more lives hung in the air, Truman had the power to reach out to these millions of lives, however in order to do so he had to destroy a fraction of them in the process. The Japanese speak of how they were fighting for the preservation of their culture. How could the systemati c invasion and destruction of Japan preserve their culture? The United States had to open up their eyes, the Japanese did not get the message until atomic weapons were used. They may have realized this after an invasion, or they may not have, it was far too big of risk to take, and far too many lives would be lost. We take no pleasure in remembering those approximately 100,000 people that died in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The death of so many is without a doubt a horror, however how many more lives would have been lost if the bomb had not have been used?The evidence is crystal clear. The use of nuclear weapons to end World War II quickly and effectively averted the death or injury of hundreds of thousands of American soldiers, sailors, marines and airmen. It also saved the lives of some 100,000 Allied prisoners of war and civilians in Japanese hands, all of whom were to be executed in the event of an American invasion of Japan. Above all, it saved untold hundreds of thousands more Jap anese -perhaps millions- from becoming casualties of pre-invasion B-29 bombing and shelling, followed by an invasion and Allied occupation. It prevented the annihilation of Japanese culture and their possible assimilation into the Soviet Unions communist sphere of influence and it told the world the horrors of war. The atomic bombs use on Hiroshima and Nagasaki saved lives and ended a World War that had raged for many long terrible years and was responsible for the deaths of over 35,000,000 people.

The History of the Zipper and How It Became Mainstream

The History of the Zipper and How It Became Mainstream It was a long way up for the humble zipper, the mechanical wonder that has kept our lives together in many ways. The zipper has passed through the hands of several dedicated inventors, though none convinced the general public to accept the zipper as part of everyday life. It was the magazine and fashion industry that made the novel zipper the popular item it is today. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images The story begins when Elias Howe, inventor of the sewing machine, who received a patent in 1851 for an Automatic, Continuous Clothing Closure. It didnt go much further beyond that, though. Perhaps it was the success of the sewing machine, that caused Elias not to pursue marketing his clothing closure system. As a result, Howe missed his chance to become the recognized Father of the Zip. Forty-four years later, inventor Whitcomb Judson marketed a Clasp Locker device similar to system described in the 1851 Howe patent. Being first to market, Whitcomb got credit for being the inventor of the zipper. However, his 1893 patent did not use the word zipper.   The Chicago inventors Clasp Locker was a complicated hook-and-eye shoe fastener. Together with businessman Colonel Lewis Walker, Whitcomb launched the Universal Fastener Company to manufacture the new device. The clasp locker debuted at the 1893 Chicago Worlds Fair and was met with little commercial success. Gideon Sundbck / Public domain / via Wikimedia Commons It was a Swedish-born electrical engineer named Gideon Sundback whose work helped make the zipper the hit it is today. Originally hired to work for the Universal Fastener Company, his design skills and a marriage to the plant-managers daughter Elvira Aronson led to a position as head designer at Universal. In his position, he improved the far from perfect Judson C-curity Fastener. When Sundbacks wife died in 1911, the grieving husband busied himself at the design table.  By December of 1913, he came up with what would become the modern zipper. Gideon Sundbacks new-and-improved system increased the number of fastening elements from four per inch to 10  or 11, had two facing-rows of teeth that pulled into a single piece by the slider and increased the opening for the teeth guided by the slider. His patent for the Separable Fastener was issued in 1917.   Sundback also created the manufacturing machine for the new zipper. The S-L or scrapless machine took a special Y-shaped wire and cut scoops from it, then punched the scoop dimple and nib and clamped each scoop on a cloth tape to produce a continuous zipper chain. Within the first year of operation, Sundbacks zipper-making machine was producing a few hundred feet of fastener per day. The popular zipper name came from the B. F. Goodrich Company, which decided to use Gideons fastener on a new type of rubber boots or galoshes. Boots and tobacco pouches with a zippered closure were the two chief uses of the zipper during its early years. It took 20 more years to convince the fashion industry to seriously promote the novel closure on garments. In the 1930s, a sales campaign began for childrens clothing featuring zippers. The campaign advocated zippers as a way to promote self-reliance in young children as the devices made it possible for them to dress in self-help clothing.   A landmark moment happened in 1937 when the zipper beat the button in the Battle of the Fly. French fashion designers raved over the use of zippers in mens trousers and Esquire magazine declared the zipper the Newest Tailoring Idea for Men. Among the zippered flys many virtues was that it would exclude The possibility of unintentional and embarrassing disarray.   The next big boost for the zipper came when devices that open on both ends arrived, such as on jackets. Today the zipper is everywhere and is used  in clothing, luggage, leather goods and countless other objects. Thousands of zipper miles are produced daily to meet the needs of consumers, thanks to the early efforts of the many famous zipper inventors.

Encouraging Trends in Trucking 2,800+ Jobs Since June!

Encouraging Trends in Trucking 2,800+ Jobs Since June! According to the U.S. Labor Department, the for-hire trucking sector gained 2,800 jobs in July, putting its total employment figure at more than 1.46 million, the highest it’s seen in more than 8 years. More broadly, the transportation and warehousing industry saw an increase of 14,400 jobs. Total non-farm employment jobs went up by 215,000 this month too- the overall unemployment rate is still at 5.3%, the lowest it’s been longer than seven years. Factors for the increases include baby boomers retiring, women leaving the workforce, or job skills no longer matching up. Other fields that saw major gains this quarter were retail, health care, professional and technical services, and financial activities.While the rise may have fallen short of economists’ expectations, it’s good news for truckers and warehouse and transportation professionals across the country.Stay tuned for further updates as the next quarter looms!Economic Watch: Trucking, Overall Employme nt ImproveRead More at TruckingInfo

Measuring the reactions of the enzymes catecholase in different levels Lab Report

Measuring the reactions of the enzymes catecholase in different levels of pH in different tempereture - Lab Report Example Temperature rise of about 10oC normally doubles or triples the rate of enzymatic reactions. However beyond the optimum temperature the enzyme activity decreases. If catecholase activity is minimally affected at different temperatures and pH then it can be hypothesized that it has a large range of optimal activity. The aim of this experiment was to test the effect of temperature and pH on the enzymatic activity of catecholase. The effect of catecholase enyme at different temperatures, 0 and 37oC were tested at different levels of pH 2, 4, 7 and 12. Three tubes for each pH were set up and labelled A, B and C. To three tubes in each pH 3ml of the pH solution was added and 2ml of banana extract (substrate). To two tubes 1ml of the enzyme (potato extract) was added while the third tube the enzyme was not added and acted as the control. The test tubes were then shaken and put in the appropriate temperature and the optical density measured after three minutes. The reaction rate was the highest at all temperatures at pH 7. At room temperature the reaction rate was the highest in the tube without the enzyme. pH 4 and 12 had the lowest reaction rates at all temperatures. The reaction rates were highest between 0oC and room temperature in the presence of catecholase and lowest at 0oC without the enzyme. Catechol oxidase (catecholase) is a polyphenol oxidase enzyme present in many plants (Aniszewski et al. 2008). It is responsible for catalysing the reaction between oxygen and hydroxylated benzenes leading to the production of quinines and water. The enzyme mediated reaction rate was the highest at physiological pH and at temperatures between zero and room temperature. This shows that the enzyme has a large range of optimal temperatures. However, it has a narrow range of optimal pH. The narrow pH range during which catecholase activity was the highest is due to the effect of pH on the redox

Internet Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Internet Law - Essay Example Before embarking upon the topic under study, it would be advisable to precisely define intellectual property. The term intellectual property simply refers to the assets that are the outcome of the intellect or ideas of an individual or a group of individuals, which solely belongs to the author or the individual on the one hand, and the organisation to whom its rights have been sold or delegated by the individual creating the intellectual property, and these types of intellectual property can either be tangible or intangible. The term Intellectual Property (IP) reflects the idea that its subject matter is the product of the mind or the intellect.'These could be in the form of Patents; Trademarks; Geographical Indications; Industrial Designs; Layout-Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits; Plant Variety Protection and Copyright.'1 Intellectual property act 1994 has determined two major types of intellectual property, which include i) Copyright and ii) Industrial property. Copyright consists of sections of art and literature including prose work, poems, lyrics, drama, novel, narrative, thesis, presentation, articles, essays, broachers, film, paintings, sculptures, drawings, photographs, musical tones and songs, printing material, publications, architectural and audio-visual works. Rafique defines copyright in these words: "Copyright is given to the first producer of a book irrespective of the fact whether that book is wise or foolish, accurate or inaccurate, or of literary merits or no merit whatever". 2 Modern technology has given a go to the introduction and implementation of new laws in order to settle the problems and issues appeared on the basis of information technology. The use or misuse of such property without the prior permission of the creator of the intellectual property is strictly prohibited under the intellectual property act. Intellectual Property Act aims to protect the rights of the owners and creators of the property and assets. The World intellectual Property Organization defines intellectual property in these words: "Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce." 3 Almost all the organisations whether large of small, national or multinational, and industrial or artistic develop logos, draw designs and introduce some specific names that serve as the identity mark of the company. Intellectual property is the identity mark of an individual, a company, an organisation or an industry, over which the creator contains complete and unconditional rights. The same is applied in respect of domain names and other rights created in the aftermath of technological advancements and hi-tech revolution. The statute of law provides protection to such property in favour of the originator, and claim over this type of property without referencing to the devisor is against the statute of law and liable to be punishment. Copyright Act, Trademark Ordinance and Patents Ordinance provide protection to

Ethics in Intelligence Essay Example for Free

Ethics in Intelligence Essay On a clear, late summer day in September of 2001, the hectic yet peaceful lower portion of Manhattan, New York City was turned into the site of one of the largest mass murders in world history when terrorist attacks turned the once imposing World Trade Center complex to a smoking pile of debris and left thousands of Americans dead, physically and psychologically scarred for life. In the aftermath of this act of aggression, the United States, with the cooperation of allies around the world, launched intelligence collection efforts on a scale that had never before been seen. Some nations would be able to do so as they wished without regard for the privacy or rights of their people, but for a nation conceived in liberty and human rights as the US was, issues of ethics and the preservation of individual rights had to be balanced against the dire need to protect the masses from further violence. This research will focus on the ethics of intelligence collection in the US, Constitutional implications of these efforts for American citizens, and the consideration of how much liberty US citizens should be willing to sacrifice for the greater good. Ethics of Intel Collections, Means and Methods Intelligence gathering has always been an essential part of the preservation of American security, dating back to the days of the American colonies and beyond. In the late 1990s, for all of the violence brewing in other nations and the potential for domestic terrorism in the US, the intelligence gathering efforts of American officials consisted mostly of the analysis of data from the comfort of offices located in the US and some offices scattered across the globe. However, these efforts were initially proven to be weak by international terrorist acts against American military installations in other nations, and the original emergence of Osama Bin Laden as an international terrorist to be closely monitored. With such formidable enemies to consider, it became obvious that the old ways of gathering intelligence were badly in need of change, including the introduction of more field intelligence agents, enhancements to technology, better networking with other nations, and many clandestine activities. With the need to increase and improve all levels of intelligence gathering in the US, the question arises as to how far a nation like the US, which stands as a beacon of righteousness and safety in the world, will be willing to go to gain the level of security that is needed to protect American citizens at home and abroad? The child of this need emerged, known as the Department of Homeland Security, an organization which put on a public front of protection of the US in a manner that is illustrative of ethical behavior and forceful yet proper action. With the introduction of the Department, the public gained a higher level of confidence in the protection they would be receiving. However, many of the methods that were necessary, at least behind the scenes, were of the nature that the general public would frown upon at the very least, and rise up in heated protest against at worst if it were known the full extent of what the Department was forced to resort to in the interest of intelligence gathering. Among the steps that were taken, such actions as the monitoring of telephone and Internet communications, the detention of suspected terrorists and the like began to raise the issue of the appropriateness of such activities in line with the promises and obligations of the US Constitution. Constitutional Implications of United States Intel Collection on United States Citizens The war against terrorism is unlike any other war that the US has seen; fighting an enemy that does not wear a recognizable uniform or hails from any specific geographic location poses quite a challenge and makes the application of conventional warfare tactics all but impossible. Therefore, as with those conventional warfare methods, it is necessary for certain drastic measures to be taken. However, it is important to understand that there are Constitutional implications for such actions, especially in the areas of intelligence collection which require frequent intrusions into the privacy that Americans hold so dear and have fought and died to protect for hundreds of years. First, there are misconceptions about the Constitution that are necessary to point out. Specifically, there is a thin line between the investigation of criminal activity and suspected threats to national security, which of course are in and of themselves criminal but take on an added dimension when one realizes that the safety and future of the nation hangs in the balance. In the interest of national security, it is permissible for the surveillance of Americans, domestically and abroad without the obtaining of search warrants, which are usually the standard procedure when an American is being investigated as a possible criminal, under any ordinary circumstances. In this instance, permissible and acceptable are two entirely different things. While authorities may be allowed to basically spy on their fellow citizens so that the nation is protected, where does this leave those who are the target of the surveillance? The argument can fairly be made that if one is not doing anything wrong, if they are being monitored, they actually have nothing with which to be concerned. Further, if that surveillance yields information on other wrongdoers who are in fact a threat to America, the net result makes all of it worthwhile. The issue of habeas corpus also is a key element in the consideration of the rights the accused. In the past, this legal remedy, in place since the days of the Magna Carta, existed to protect the rights of the accused. Constitutionally speaking, it had been established in the early 1940s that habeas corpus would stand if: â€Å"(1) the conviction is void for lack o f personal or subject matter jurisdiction; (2) the statute defining the offense is unconstitutional, or the conviction was obtained in violation of a federal constitutional right; (3) the statute authorizing the sentence is unconstitutional, or the sentence was obtained in violation of a federal constitutional right; (4) the sentence is contrary to the applicable statute, in excess of the statutory maximum, or otherwise unauthorized by law; or (5) the conviction or the sentence is otherwise deemed subject to collateral attack. † In times of crisis, this right has been suspended in the interest of national security, and has been suspended in the age of terrorism due to the need to make terrorists who are evading capture by authorities accountable in courts of law for their crimes. This, also, however is one of those fine points of law that draw criticism and scrutiny in many cases because anytime a right is suspended, innocent people are affected and their rights are often sacrificed, albeit for the sake of the common good. A closer look at the underpinnings of the Constitution itself reveals some interesting powers that many do not realize exist. For example, the Constitution does in fact give Congress the right to make laws as necessary to allow the Constitution to function as it was intended. This right, however, is akin to a broad stroke of a paintbrush, when the finer details of the stroke are really where the beauty lies. In other words, on the surface, it is true that Congress possesses such power, but this is also a power that is open to interpretation and debate. Where one draws the line between permissible monitoring and the trampling of the rights of the majority is an issue with which the American people are currently wrestling and undoubtedly will continue to do so for many years to come. With this in mind, there surely must be a balance to be obtained between sacrificing for the common good and giving up everything that Americans are constitutionally guaranteed. How Much Liberty Should US Citizens Give Up Under the Notion of National Security? It has been said that liberty is something which can be gained all at once, but often is stripped away one small piece at a time, like the gradual erosion of a mighty mountain. If this is true, the question of how many small pieces the citizens of the US can give away before a landslide consumes them? After the horrible events of September 11, 2001, it became readily apparent that there was a need for American governmental agencies to gather additional power if they were to properly mount an offensive against terrorism and to avert a repeat of the horrible events of that tragic day. This need to gather additional power was viewed by many as a feeble excuse for those within the government who craved power to grab as much as they wished, regardless of the inevitable fallout. Still others saw the sacrifice of a small amount of liberty as the necessary toll that needed to be paid for a much larger amount of overall protection and the long-term survival of the US while others around the world plotted to destroy the most powerful nation on earth. Again, however, as was mentioned at the beginning of this passage, small surrenders can sometimes lead to large damage over a period of time.

Cannibalism Essay example -- Religion Violence Cannibal Essays

Cannibalism Cannibalism has been around since the beginning of time. Mainly as an act of defense or as an alternate, last resort, for food. Cannibalism is also used as an act of violence among animals to preserve their genetics. Human cannibalism however, was not used as an act of violence to cause pain and anguish amongst other human beings. Cannibalism within the human race is widely known throughout the world, though you may not know it. From New Guinea to the high deserts of Arizona the practice of cannibalism has been used. Why cannibalism was practiced is still a mystery to many. Some think it actually was an act of violence, to torture the souls of others as revenge for invading the other person’s territory. Cannibalism, however, has much more meaning than most people actually think. As a religious practice cannibalism is very important to many tribes around the world. Great consequences await those who do not cannibalize their dead. As a source of food, the people who resorted to this were in situations of life or death. They did not kill people around them to survive, but ate the already deceased. However, there are some cases of cannibalism that are not necessary, and have yet to be determined what would provoke someone to eat another person just because they wanted too. For the most part though, cannibalism throughout the world has been questioned but none have really ventured out to find the true answers to it. A very curious subject indeed, cannibalism is not as grim a subject as most people have thought it to be. Although cannibalism is thought to be heatless and cruel, under dire circumstances and for religious purposes, it is not an act of malice. Like many things cannibalism has differe... ... very universal. Cannibalism is not an act of malice to cause pain and anguish to those being cannibalized, for many it is for the better of their people. For survival means, had those people lost not cannibalized the deceased members of their party, no one would have survived. While there are still some cases of cannibalism that are not justified the ones that are recorded are few and far between. Cannibalism is a way of life for some people, why should which be looked down upon and grimaced at? Cannibals are human just like anyone else, with different beliefs and ways of life. It is not cruel to release a loved ones soul into the afterlife, or to make use of a friend that would probably want you to live through something that they happened not to live through. They are not cruel, they cannibalize because it is part of them, in order to live their life.

Deception Point Page 24

In that same edition, paleobiologist Stephen Jay Gould summed up the problems with ALH84001 by pointing out that the evidence in it was chemical and inferential, rather than â€Å"solid,† like an unambiguous bone or shell. Now, however, Rachel realized NASA had found irrefutable proof. No skeptical scientist could possibly step forward and question these fossils. NASA was no longer touting blurry, enlarged photos of alleged microscopic bacteria-they were offering up real meteorite samples where bio-organisms visible to the naked eye had been embedded in the stone. Foot-long lice! Rachel had to laugh when she realized she'd been a childhood fan of a song by David Bowie that referred to â€Å"spiders from Mars.† Few would have guessed how close the androgynous British pop star would come to foreseeing astrobiology's greatest moment. As the distant strains of the song ran through Rachel's mind, Corky hurried up behind her. â€Å"Has Mike bragged about his documentary yet?† Rachel replied, â€Å"No, but I'd love to hear about it.† Corky slapped Tolland on the back. â€Å"Go for it, big boy. Tell her why the President decided that the most important moment in science history should be handed over to a snorkeling TV star.† Tolland groaned. â€Å"Corky, if you don't mind?† â€Å"Fine, I'll explain,† Corky said, prying his way in between them. â€Å"As you probably know, Ms. Sexton, the President will be giving a press conference tonight to tell the world about the meteorite. Because the vast majority of the world is made up of half-wits, the President asked Mike to come onboard and dumb everything down for them.† â€Å"Thanks, Corky,† Tolland said. â€Å"Very nice.† He looked at Rachel. â€Å"What Corky's trying to say is that because there's so much scientific data to convey, the President thought a short visual documentary about the meteorite might help make the information more accessible to mainstream America, many of whom, oddly, don't have advanced degrees in astrophysics.† â€Å"Did you know,† Corky said to Rachel, â€Å"that I've just learned our nation's President is a closet fan of Amazing Seas?† He shook his head in mock disgust. â€Å"Zach Herney-the ruler of the free world-has his secretary tape Mike's program so he can decompress after a long day.† Tolland shrugged. â€Å"The man's got taste, what can I say?† Rachel was now starting to realize just how masterful the President's plan was. Politics was a media game, and Rachel could already imagine the enthusiasm and scientific credibility the face of Michael Tolland on-screen would bring to the press conference. Zach Herney had recruited the ideal man to endorse his little NASA coup. Skeptics would be hard-pressed to challenge the President's data if it came from the nation's top television science personality as well as several respected civilian scientists. Corky said, â€Å"Mike's already taken video depositions from all of us civilians for his documentary, as well as from most of the top NASA specialists. And I'll bet my National Medal that you're next on his list.† Rachel turned and eyed him. â€Å"Me? What are you talking about? I have no credentials. I'm an intelligence liaison.† â€Å"Then why did the President send you up here?† â€Å"He hasn't told me yet.† An amused grin crossed Corky's lips. â€Å"You're a White House intelligence liaison who deals in clarification and authentication of data, right?† â€Å"Yes, but nothing scientific.† â€Å"And you're the daughter of the man who built a campaign around criticizing the money NASA has wasted in space?† Rachel could hear it coming. â€Å"You have to admit, Ms. Sexton,† Ming chimed in, â€Å"a deposition from you would give this documentary a whole new dimension of credibility. If the President sent you up here, he must want you to participate somehow.† Rachel again flashed on William Pickering's concern that she was being used. Tolland checked his watch. â€Å"We should probably head over,† he said, motioning toward the center of the habisphere. â€Å"They should be getting close.† â€Å"Close to what?† Rachel asked. â€Å"Extraction time. NASA is bringing the meteorite to the surface. It should be up any time now.† Rachel was stunned. â€Å"You guys are actually removing an eight-ton rock from under two hundred feet of solid ice?† Corky looked gleeful. â€Å"You didn't think NASA was going to leave a discovery like this buried in the ice, did you?† â€Å"No, but†¦,† Rachel had seen no signs of large-scale excavation equipment anywhere inside the habisphere. â€Å"How the heck is NASA planning on getting the meteorite out?† Corky puffed up. â€Å"No problem. You're in a room full of rocket scientists!† â€Å"Blather,† Ming scoffed, looking at Rachel. â€Å"Dr. Marlinson enjoys flexing other people's muscles. The truth is that everyone here was stumped about how to get the meteorite out. It was Dr. Mangor who proposed a viable solution.† â€Å"I haven't met Dr. Mangor.† â€Å"Glaciologist from the University of New Hampshire,† Tolland said. â€Å"The fourth and final civilian scientist recruited by the President. And Ming here is correct, it was Mangor who figured it out.† â€Å"Okay,† Rachel said. â€Å"So what did this guy propose?† â€Å"Gal,† Ming corrected, sounding smitten. â€Å"Dr. Mangor is a woman.† â€Å"Debatable,† Corky grumbled. He looked over at Rachel. â€Å"And by the way, Dr. Mangor is going to hate you.† Tolland shot Corky an angry look. â€Å"Well, she will!† Corky defended. â€Å"She'll hate the competition.† Rachel felt lost. â€Å"I'm sorry? Competition?† â€Å"Ignore him,† Tolland said. â€Å"Unfortunately, the fact that Corky is a total moron somehow escaped the National Science Committee. You and Dr. Mangor will get along fine. She is a professional. She's considered one of the world's top glaciologists. She actually moved to Antarctica for a few years to study glacial movement.† â€Å"Odd,† Corky said, â€Å"I heard UNH took up a donation and sent her there so they could get some peace and quiet on campus.† â€Å"Are you aware,† Ming snapped, seeming to have taken the comment personally, â€Å"that Dr. Mangor almost died down there! She got lost in a storm and lived on seal blubber for five weeks before anyone found her.† Corky whispered to Rachel, â€Å"I heard no one was looking.† 26 The limousine ride back from the CNN studio to Sexton's office felt long for Gabrielle Ashe. The senator sat across from her, gazing out the window, obviously gloating over the debate. â€Å"They sent Tench to an afternoon cable show,† he said, turning with a handsome smile. â€Å"The White House is getting frantic.† Gabrielle nodded, noncommittal. She'd sensed a look of smug satisfaction on Marjorie Tench's face as the woman drove off. It made her nervous. Sexton's personal cellphone rang, and he fished in his pocket to grab it. The senator, like most politicians, had a hierarchy of phone numbers at which his contacts could reach him, depending on how important they were. Whoever was calling him now was at the top of the list; the call was coming in on Sexton's private line, a number even Gabrielle was discouraged to call. â€Å"Senator Sedgewick Sexton,† he chimed, accentuating the musical quality of his name. Gabrielle couldn't hear the caller over the sound of the limo, but Sexton listened intently, replying with enthusiasm. â€Å"Fantastic. I'm so pleased you called. I'm thinking six o'clock? Super. I have an apartment here in D.C. Private. Comfortable. You have the address, right? Okay. Looking forward to meeting you. See you tonight then.†

Acc 300 Exam 2 Study Guide

Ch18 Revenue Recognition (when it is realized or realizable, when it is earned) Revenue Recognition at point of sale: (1) Sales with Discounts (2) Sales with Right of Return: Three alternative revenue recognition methods, and recognize revenue only if all of six condition (3) Sales with buybacks (4) Bill and Hold Sales: buyer is not yet ready to take delivery but does take title and accept billing.Revenue is reported at the time title passes if (a) the risks of ownership have passed; (b) the buyer makes a fixed commitment of purchase the goods, requests the transaction be on a buy and hold basis, and sets a fixed delivery date; and (c) goods must be segregated, complete, and ready for shipment. FOB shipping-buyer FOB destination-seller Ch7 Cash and Receivable 1 Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and Bank overdrafts: (1). Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investment. Ex.Treasury bills, commercial paper and money market funds. (2). Restricted Cash Ex. Petty cash, payr oll and dividend funds. Amount is not material, not segregate from cash; amount is material, segregate. (3). Bank Overdrafts: when a company writes a check for more than the amount in its cash account. 2 A/R: (1). Trade receivable: A/R, Notes Receivable. (2). Nontrade receivable: Advances to officers and employees and subsidiaries; Deposits paid to cover potential damages or losses; dividends and interest receivable†¦ (3).Recognition of A/R: (a) Trade discount. (b) Cash (sales) discounts. Companies value and report short-term receivable at net realizable value—the net amount they expect to receive in cash. (Determining NRV need both uncollectible receivables and any returns or allowances) Two methods are used in uncollectible accounts: (1) the direct write-off method (Bad debt expense-debit, Accounts Receivable-credit). (2) Allowance method: NRV, three essential features: (a). estimate uncollectible receivable. (b).Debit estimated uncollectible to Bad Debt Expense and cr edit them to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. (c). When companies write off a specific account, they debit actual uncollectible to AFDA and credit that amount to A/R. Companies do not close AFDA at the end of fiscal year. Recovery of an Uncollectible Account: It reverses the entry made in writing off the account. It journalizes the collection in the usual manner. Percentage of sales: sales—Bad Debt Expense; Percentage of Receivable: A/R—AFDA, Ch8 Inventories . Perpetual system: continuously track changes in the inventory account, a company records all purchase and sales of goods directly in the inventory account as they occur. ( Purchase of merchandise for resale or RM for production are debited to inventory rather than to purchase; Freight-in is debited to inventory, Purchase returns and allowances and purchase discounts are credited to inventory; COGS is recorded at the time of each sale by debiting COGS and crediting Inventory 2.Periodic system: a company determines the Q of inventory on hand only periodically. It records all acquisitions of inventory by debiting the purchase account. The periodic system matches the total withdrawals for the month with the total purchases for the month in applying the LIFO method. In contrast, the perpetual system matches each withdrawal with the immediately preceding purchases. FIFO periodic and FIFO perpetual provide the same gross profit and inventory value. LIFO usually produces a lower GP than FIFO. 3. Basic issues in inventory valuation: (1). he physical goods to include in inventory (who owns the goods: FOB shipping point—Buyer’s at time of deliver; Consignment goods—seller’s; Sales with buyback—seller’s; Sales with high rate of returns—buyer’s, if you can estimate returns; Sales on installments—buyer’s, if you can estimate collectability. (2) The cost to include in inventory (product vs. period costs). (3) The cost flow assumption to adopt (specific identification, average cost, FIFO, LIFO, retail) 4. FIFO: in all cases, the inventory and COGS would be the same at the end of the month whether a perpetual or periodic system is used.LIFO: results in different ending inventory and COGS amounts that the amounts calculated under the periodic method. Not allowed under IFRS; LIFO liquidation can suddenly Inc tax liability; ADV: matching—reflect current prices; tax benefits; fewer write downs of Inventory; DIS: lower NI; understate EI Ch9 Inventories: Additional valuation issues 1. A company abandons the historical cost principle when the future utility (revenue-producing ability) of the asset drops below its original cost.Companies therefore report inventories at the lower-of-cost-or-market (a conservative approach to inventory valuation) at each reporting period. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal (net selling price). A normal profit margin is subtracted from that amount to arrive at net realizable value less a normal profit margin. The general LCM rule is: a company values inventory at the LCM, replacement cost with market limited to an amount that is not more than NRV (upper, ceiling) or less than NRV less a normal profit margin (lower, floor).The designated market value is the amount that a company compares to cost. It is always the middle value of three amounts (replacement cost, NRV and NRV less a normal PM). Assumption A: Computes a cost ratio after markups (and markup cancellations) but before markdowns. One approach use only assumption A. It approximates the lower-of-average-cost-or-market. We will refer to this approach as the conventional retail inventory method or the LCM approach. It also provides the most conservative estimate of EI.

Free Essays on Gonad The Barbarian And The Venus Flytrap

Throughout history women have been denied the same basic freedom and rights that men have inherently been given. The right to vote, the right to earn comparable wages, the right to show your face and yes, even the right to have an orgasm openly and freely, independent of male control or judgment. Women’s sexuality has been suppressed and repressed in one form or another for far too long. Pornography is not unlike other areas of society and culture around the world. In â€Å"Gonad the Barbarian and the Venus Flytrap† Anne McClintock discusses the history of women as sexual beings and also gives insight into the role of pornography as a means of pleasure, voyeurism and employment for women. McClintock also explores the world of pornography and how it relates to the male ego. The purpose of McClintock’s article is to introduce the reader to the history and the problems associated with women acting as sexual beings and at the same time, examining the role of pornogra phy and its evolution. McClintock believes that it is narrow-minded to view pornography as the evil of society and the downfall of women’s role as sexual beings (114). To simply classify pornography as an instrument that objectifies women and therefore gives men justification for the ill treatment of women would be ignoring the foundation of some ill conceived beliefs that have existed long before the invention of pornography. McClintock states that the basis of sexism is not rooted in pornography rather, it is rooted in the history of the world and how women have been viewed, better yet, not viewed as sexual beings. McClintock expresses this view of the historical treatment of women by saying â€Å"[w]omen’s desire, by contrast, has been crimped to history’s sad museums of corsets, chastity belts, the virginity cult and genital mutilation†(113). Another basis for McClintock’s beliefs of pornography is the existence of male insecurity, homophobia and the exclusion o... Free Essays on Gonad The Barbarian And The Venus Flytrap Free Essays on Gonad The Barbarian And The Venus Flytrap Throughout history women have been denied the same basic freedom and rights that men have inherently been given. The right to vote, the right to earn comparable wages, the right to show your face and yes, even the right to have an orgasm openly and freely, independent of male control or judgment. Women’s sexuality has been suppressed and repressed in one form or another for far too long. Pornography is not unlike other areas of society and culture around the world. In â€Å"Gonad the Barbarian and the Venus Flytrap† Anne McClintock discusses the history of women as sexual beings and also gives insight into the role of pornography as a means of pleasure, voyeurism and employment for women. McClintock also explores the world of pornography and how it relates to the male ego. The purpose of McClintock’s article is to introduce the reader to the history and the problems associated with women acting as sexual beings and at the same time, examining the role of pornogra phy and its evolution. McClintock believes that it is narrow-minded to view pornography as the evil of society and the downfall of women’s role as sexual beings (114). To simply classify pornography as an instrument that objectifies women and therefore gives men justification for the ill treatment of women would be ignoring the foundation of some ill conceived beliefs that have existed long before the invention of pornography. McClintock states that the basis of sexism is not rooted in pornography rather, it is rooted in the history of the world and how women have been viewed, better yet, not viewed as sexual beings. McClintock expresses this view of the historical treatment of women by saying â€Å"[w]omen’s desire, by contrast, has been crimped to history’s sad museums of corsets, chastity belts, the virginity cult and genital mutilation†(113). Another basis for McClintock’s beliefs of pornography is the existence of male insecurity, homophobia and the exclusion o...

Population Figures for the Dynasties of Ancient China

Population Figures for the Dynasties of Ancient China As of 2016, the population of China was 1.38 billion people. That phenomenal number is matched by enormous early population figures. Censuses were taken as a rule by ancient rulers beginning in the Zhou Dynasty, but what the rulers were counting is somewhat in doubt. Some censuses refer to the number of persons as mouths and the number of households as doors. But, conflicting figures are given for the same dates and its possible that the numbers refer not to the total population, but taxpayers, or people who were available for either military or corvee labor duties. By the Qing Dynasty, the government was using a ting or tax unit to count in the census, which is based on a head count of population and more on the ability of the population to support the elites. Xia Dynasty 2070–1600 BCE The Xia dynasty is the first known dynasty in China, but even its existence is doubted by some scholars in China and elsewhere. The first census was said by Han dynasty historians to have been taken by Yu the Great in about 2000 BCE, with a total of 13,553,923 people or possibly households. Further, the figures are likely Han Dynasty propaganda Shang Dynasty 1600–1100 BCE No surviving censuses. Zhou Dynasty 1027–221 BCE Censuses became normal instruments of public administration, and several rulers ordered them at regular intervals, but the statistics are somewhat in doubt 1000 BCE: 13,714,923 persons680 BCE: 11,841,923 persons Qin Dynasty 221–206 BCE The Qin Dynasty was the first time China was unified under a centralized government. With the ending of wars, iron implements, farming techniques, and irrigation were developed. No surviving censuses. Han Dynasty 206 BCE–220 CE About the turn of the Common Era, population censuses in China became statistically useful for the entire united mainland. By 2 CE, censuses were taken and recorded on occasion. Western Han 2 CE: persons per household: 4.9Eastern Han 57–156 CE, persons per household: 4.9–5.82 CE: 59,594,978 persons, 12,233,062 households156 CE: 56,486,856 persons, 10,677,960 households Six Dynasties (Period of Disunity) 220–589 CE Liu Sung State, 464 CE, 5.3 million persons, 900,000 households Sui Dynasty 581–618 CE 606 CE: persons per household 5.2, 46,019,956 persons, 8,907,536 households Tang Dynasty 618–907 CE 634–643 CE: 12,000,000 persons, 2,992,779 households707–755 CE: persons per household 5.7-6.0754 CE: 52,880,488 persons, 7,662,800 tax payers755 CE: 52,919,309 persons, 8,208,321 tax payers845 CE: 4,955,151 households Five Dynasties 907–960 CE After the fall of the Tang dynasty, China was split into several states and consistent population data for the entire county is not available. Song Dynasty 960–1279 CE 1006–1223 CE: persons per household 1.4-2.61006 CE: 15,280,254 persons, 7,417,507 households1063 CE: 26,421,651 persons, 12,462,310 households1103 CE: 45,981,845 persons, 20,524,065 households1160 CE: 19,229,008 persons, 11,575,753 households1223 CE: 28,320,085 persons, 12,670,801 households Yuan Dynasty 1271–1368 CE 1290-1292 CE: persons per household 4.5-4.61290 CE: 58,834,711 persons, 13,196,206 households1330 CE: 13,400,699 households Ming Dynasty 1368–1644 CE 1381–1626 CE: persons per household 4.8-7.11381 CE: 59,873305 persons, 10,654,362 households1450 CE: 53,403,954 persons, 9,588,234 households1520 CE: 60,606,220 persons, 9,399,979 households1620–1626 CE: 51,655,459 persons, 9,835,416 households Qing Dynasty 1655–1911 CE In 1740, the Qing dynasty emperor ordered that population statistics be compiled annually, a system known as pao-chia, which required each household to keep a tablet by their door with a list of all the members of the household. Later those tablets were kept in regional offices. 1751 CE: 207 million persons1781 CE: 270 million persons1791 CE: 294 million persons1811 CE: 347 million persons1821 CE: 344 million persons1831 CE: 383 million persons1841 CE: 400 million persons1851 CE: 417 million persons Sources Duan C-Q, Gan X-C, Jeanny W, and Chien PK. 1998. Relocation of Civilization Centers in Ancient China: Environmental Factors. Ambio 27(7):572-575.Durand JD. 1960. The Population Statistics of China, A.D. 2-1953. Population Studies 13(3):209-256.

Familial Genetic Testing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Familial Genetic Testing Assignment - Essay Example Genetic and environmental factors are responsible for occurrence of type 1 diabetes. Even though the exact causes are not yet known, many factors that relates to biological body structure or to a person’s external environment have been associated with risks of type 1 diabetes. Genetic factors to type 1 diabetes relates to HLA genes in the body. The genes form complexes among themselves and help the body’s immune system to distinguish between body’s proteins and foreign proteins to the body. The immune system then destroys foreign proteins. Certain complexes of these genes however fail to distinguish the proteins and leads to destruction of insulin. The percentage of type 1 diabetes incidences that result from the genetic factor is however low because only five percent of people with the gene complexes suffers from the complication (Genetic Home Reference 1). Probability of suffering from the complication, based on genes also supports the theory of genetic cause. This is because a person whose close relative suffers from type 1 diabetes has a six percent chance of being a victim while a person who does not have a close relative suffering from the complication has as low as 0.05 percent of being a victim (National Health Services 1). Other factors such as â€Å"viral infections, nutritional exposures, perinatal factors, childhood growth† among other environmental factors have been associated with the disease as moderators (Eisenbarth 267). Major symptoms of the type 1 diabetes are a feeling of itchiness around genital areas, impaired vision, muscle pain, and skin infection. Based on the role of genes and environmental factors, genetic factors account for a significant percentage of the symptoms than environmental factors. This is because of the secondary scope of environmental factors to the symptoms. Urine test and blood test exist for confirming diagnosis based on observed symptoms. There is no curative treatment for type